Barranco del Humo mines
Albuñuelas, Granada, Andalusia, Spain
Key Information
Do not enter mining areas without proper authorization.
Barranco del Humo mines are located in Albuñuelas, Granada, Andalusia, Spain, in the Sierra Nevada mountains.
The mines are known for lead and molybdenum, with wulfenite being a notable mineral for collectors.
Research suggests the geological structure involves Triassic metamorphic rocks, likely formed by hydrothermal processes.
Mining occurred from the late 19th century to mid-20th century, operated by the Group Minas de El Chaparral.
The area has a rich cultural history with Moorish influences and is known for agriculture like olives and almonds.
The climate is Mediterranean, with hot summers and mild winters, supporting diverse ecology.
Geographic Location
The Barranco del Humo mines are situated in Albuñuelas, a small village in the province of Granada, Andalusia, Spain. This location lies in the majestic Sierra Nevada mountains, known for their stunning landscapes and skiing opportunities. Albuñuelas is part of the Lecrin Valley, offering a picturesque setting for mineral enthusiasts to explore. Nearby, the city of Granada, famous for the Alhambra, is a cultural hub, and other mineral localities in the Sierra Nevada region may also attract visitors.
Minerals Produced
The mines are primarily recognized for their lead (Pb) and molybdenum (Mo) deposits, catering to industrial needs. Among the minerals found, wulfenite (Pb(MoO4)) stands out, prized by collectors for its vibrant, crystalline beauty. Other minerals include:
- Galena (PbS), a common lead ore.
- Calcite (CaCO3), a carbonate mineral.
- Cerussite (PbCO3), another lead mineral.
- Descloizite (PbZn(VO4)(OH)), less common and containing lead, zinc, vanadium, and oxygen.
Wulfenite, in particular, offers a unique occurrence with its colorful crystals, making it a highlight for enthusiasts.
Geological Structure
The mines are embedded in metamorphic rocks from the Triassic period, specifically marble and calcareous schists. Research suggests these rocks were formed through hydrothermal processes, where mineral-rich fluids deposited lead and molybdenum in fractures, creating the conditions for the minerals found today.
Mining History
Mining at Barranco del Humo began in the late 19th century and continued until the mid-20th century, spanning several decades of activity. The mines were operated by the Group Minas de El Chaparral, focusing on extracting lead and molybdenum. While specific methods are not well-documented, it seems likely that traditional underground mining techniques, such as tunneling, were used, given the nature of the deposits.
Local Culture and Characteristics
Albuñuelas boasts a rich cultural tapestry, with evidence of habitation dating back to the late Paleolithic era. The village reflects Greek, Roman, and Moorish influences, with the Torre del Tio Bayo, an eight-meter-high tower from the Nazari period, standing as a historical landmark. The local economy thrives on agriculture, with timber, almonds, and olives being key products. This blend of history and natural beauty makes Albuñuelas a fascinating destination, potentially hosting festivals or events tied to its agricultural heritage.
Climate and Ecology
The region enjoys a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wetter winters. This climate supports a diverse ecology, with the area being suitable for citrus and semi-tropical fruits, reflecting recent shifts due to climate change. The mountainous terrain of the Sierra Nevada adds microclimatic variations, enhancing the region's biodiversity and appeal for outdoor activities.