Hardin County

Mindat.org

Illinois, USA

Loading...

Key Information

Do not enter mining areas without proper authorization.

  • Hardin County, Illinois, is known for its rich fluorspar deposits and other minerals like calcite and witherite, attracting mineral crystal enthusiasts.

  • It is located in southern Illinois, near the Ohio River, and is part of the Shawnee National Forest, offering diverse natural scenery.

  • The county has a history of fluorspar mining from the 19th century to the early 1990s, with the last mine closing in the mid-1990s.

  • The Fluorspar Festival, held annually in October, celebrates the mining heritage, featuring events like a pageant and carnival.

  • The climate is temperate with cold winters and hot summers, and the area includes significant ecological features like the Shawnee National Forest.

Geographic Location

Hardin County sits in the southern part of Illinois, known as Little Egypt, near the Ohio River. This region is part of North America and is the least populous county in Illinois, with Elizabethtown as its county seat. Its proximity to the Shawnee National Forest adds to its appeal, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities. Nearby, you can explore other mineral-rich areas, making it a hub for enthusiasts.

Minerals and Geological Structure

The county is famous for fluorspar (fluorite), with additional minerals like calcite, baryte, lead, zinc, silver, and the rare witherite. The geological structure features a mix of sedimentary rocks, including limestones and sandstones, with some igneous components from deep-seated activity. The fluorspar deposits are linked to faulted areas, adding to the region's geological interest.

Mining and Cultural History

Fluorspar mining began in the 19th century and was significant until the early 1990s, shaping the local economy and culture. The last mine closed in the mid-1990s due to international competition. The Fluorspar Festival, held in October in Rosiclare, celebrates this heritage with events like a Miss Fluorspar Pageant and carnival, reflecting the county's historical ties to mining.

Climate and Ecology

Hardin County has a temperate climate, with winter lows around 21°F in January and summer highs near 87°F in July. It is part of the Shawnee National Forest, which spans 289,000 acres and offers diverse ecosystems, including oak-hickory forests and wetlands, enhancing its ecological significance.

Citations

Wikipedia