Smallcleugh Mine

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Nenthead, Alston Moor, Eden, Cumbria, England, UK

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Key Information

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  • Smallcleugh Mine is located in Nenthead, Alston Moor, Eden, Cumbria, England, UK, within the North Pennines, known for its mineral deposits.

  • It produces lead ore (galena) and over 30 other minerals, including rare ones like annabergite and namuwite.

  • The mine's geology features Carboniferous sedimentary rocks, primarily limestone, with minerals formed through hydrothermal veins.

  • Mining started in 1770, peaked under the London Lead Company from 1787, and closed in the early 1900s, with a brief reopening in 1963.

  • A notable cultural event was a 1901 dinner party in the "Ballroom Flat" by the local Masonic Lodge.

  • The North Pennines have a temperate climate with diverse ecology, enhancing the region's natural appeal.

Location and Geography

Smallcleugh Mine sits in the scenic North Pennines, a range of hills in northern England, part of Cumbria's Eden district. It's near settlements like Alston (7.7 km away), Allendale Town, and Stanhope, making it accessible for enthusiasts. The area is a National Landscape and UNESCO Global Geopark, recognized for its geological and natural significance. Nearby, other famous mines like Middlecleugh and Caplecleugh add to the region's mineral heritage.

Minerals and Geology

The mine is renowned for galena, but also hosts over 30 minerals, with rare finds like annabergite and namuwite attracting collectors. Its geology is rooted in Carboniferous limestone, sandstone, and shale, with minerals formed through hydrothermal veins and replacement deposits. This geological richness is protected as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and Geological Conservation Review (GCR) site, offering insights into the Earth's history.

Mining History and Culture

Mining began in 1770, with significant activity from 1787 under the London Lead Company, continuing until the early 1900s. It briefly reopened in 1963 but found little ore. A unique cultural highlight is the 1901 dinner party in the "Ballroom Flat" by the local Masonic Lodge, adding a quirky chapter to its history. The North Pennines' mining heritage is deeply woven into local culture, with tales of miners and exploration adding to its allure.

Climate and Ecology

The North Pennines enjoy a temperate climate, with cold winters and mild summers, ideal for outdoor exploration. The region's ecology is diverse, featuring moorlands and woodlands, supporting rare flora and fauna. While not directly influencing mineral formation, this environment enhances the area's appeal for nature-loving mineral enthusiasts.

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