Orange River

Mindat.org

Southern Africa

Loading...

Key Information

Do not enter mining areas without proper authorization.

  • The Orange River in Southern Africa is a significant mineral locality, especially known for quartz and amethyst.

  • It spans South Africa, Lesotho, and Namibia, with key areas in the Northern Cape province.

  • Research suggests minerals like hematite and phenakite are also found, particularly in pegmatites.

  • The area has a history of diamond mining since the 1860s and recent quartz collecting since the late 1990s.

  • The climate is semi-arid, supporting unique ecosystems vital for bird migration.

Geographic Location

The Orange River stretches across Southern Africa, flowing through Lesotho, South Africa, and Namibia, with mineral-rich spots mainly in South Africa's Northern Cape, near the Namibian border. This region, part of the arid Kalahari and Namaqualand, is accessible for enthusiasts seeking to explore its geological wonders.

Minerals Produced

This locality is famed for its quartz crystals, including the vibrant amethyst, often found in striking formations. Hematite coatings add a reddish hue to these crystals, while pegmatites in the Lower Orange River area yield rarer finds like phenakite and tourmaline, making it a treasure trove for collectors.

Mining and History

Diamond mining began here in the 1860s, sparking a rush that shaped the region's history. More recently, since the late 1990s, the area has seen increased interest in collecting quartz and other minerals, with small-scale operations continuing in places like Pella for copper and lead.

Local Culture and Ecology

The river, named after the Dutch House of Orange, reflects colonial ties, while indigenous San rock art highlights ancient cultural roots. Its semi-arid climate supports a unique ecosystem, crucial for bird migration, with conservation efforts ensuring its ecological balance.

Citations

Wikipedia